Middle+Ages-AAA

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**Mayas** Textbook pgs. 380-383, 384-387

• What led to the rise, flourishing, and fall of the Mayan civilization? • What were the significant achievements of the Mayas? • What are the similarities and differences between Mayan and European feudal societies?
 * Essential questions: **

• http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/maya/maya-map.gif • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/map-of-the-maya-world.html (click on "launch interactive").
 * Geography links ** :

National Geographic article - Maya Rise and Fall NOVA - Map of the Maya World (see interactive feature to learn about important Mayan sites) NOVA (Maya - video 13 min.) - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/maya.html Ball game: http://penn.museum/documents/education/mesoEducatorCOMBO.pdf Mayan agriculture: http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101105/full/news.2010.587.html and https://maya.nmai.si.edu/maya-sun/sun-corn-and-calendar
 * Links for reading & research: **

PBS video (55 min.) - Lost Maya Discovery Education (text) - Fall of Mayan Civilization Why did the center of Mayan civilization collapse? Watch this National Geographic videoabout climate change (4 min.)

Smithsonian magazine - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/secrets-of-the-maya-deciphering-tikal-2289808/ Britannica - https://www.britannica.com/place/Tikal
 * Tikal **

**Incas** Textbook pgs. 389-390

• What led to the rise, flourishing, and fall of the Incan civilization? • What were the significant achievements of the Incas? • What are the similarities and differences between Incan and European feudal societies?
 * Essential questions: **

• http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/04/inca-empire/map/Inca_MainMap3_sg.jpg • http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nSBmI2tdvRg/T-CVZ_AauSI/AAAAAAAAC9o/aHPMncd7yHM/s1600/PeruMap.jpg
 * Geography links ** :

History Channel Video (5 min.) - Machu Picchu PBS Nova Video (55 min.) - Ghosts of Machu Picchu National Geographic article - Inca Empire NOVA - Lost Incan Empire - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/lost-inca-empire.html NOVA - Rise of the Incas - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/inca-empire.html Inca roads - http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33291373 and http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/08/29/435480149/for-inca-road-builders-extreme-terrain-was-no-obstacle
 * Links for reading & research: **

http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/Inca_mathematics.html https://50.neh.gov/projects/quipus-inca-language-knots
 * Quipu:**

Empires of Ghana and Mali in West Africa/Influence of ruler Mansa Musa
Textbook pgs. 189-193

• What valuable natural resources were available in West Africa, and how did trans-Saharan trade lead to Mali’s wealth and success? • In what ways did Islam influence West African society? • What are the similarities and differences between West African and European feudal societies?
 * Essential questions: **

• http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/images/africa_kingdoms.jpg • http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/teachers/images/rivers_west_africa.jpg • http://ancientafricae.wikispaces.com/file/view/lr004258.gif/30338000/lr004258.gif
 * Geography links ** :

BBC (brief text), West African Kingdoms PBS (brief text), Empires of Mali and Ghana UNESCO - Timbuktu - http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/119
 * Links for reading & research: **

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/07/world/africa/07mali.html

Metropolitan Museum of Art - Ghana Empire, Trade and Expansion of Islam in West Africa,and Trans-Saharan Gold Trade National Geographic article - http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/05/0528_030528_saltcaravan.html and images: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/05/photogalleries/salt/index.html

British Museum - http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/online_research_catalogues/agw/african_gold-weights/gold-weights_and_proverbs.aspx
 * Gold mining / Gold weights**

Ibn Battuta: http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-18-1-c-ibn-battuta-the-greatest-traveler-in-the-middle-ages
 * Ibn Battuta **

http://memory.loc.gov/intldl/malihtml/islam.html http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0307-8/timbuktu.html http://www.indiana.edu/~libsalc/african/ALN124/124kuntz.html http://www.tombouctoumanuscripts.org/images/uploads/ScriptandScholarshipCatalogue.pdf http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/timbuktu-manuscripts-mali Purpose of astronomy in Islamic world: http://www.starteachastronomy.com/arab.html http://www.muslimheritage.com/article/al-khalili-spherical-astronomy
 * Manuscripts**

http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/themes/hajj/the_journey/routes/the_african_route/west_africa.aspx http://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc34905r
 * Catalan Atlas**

http://www.1001inventions.com/timbuktu
 * Timbuktu**

https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/mar/27/timbuktu-djinguereber-mosque-history-cities-buildings https://www.britannica.com/place/Sankore-mosque
 * Mosque in Timbuktu**

Videos - West Africa Empires • (2:06): Discovery Channel - Ghana • (2:50): National Geographic Mansa Musa • Timbuktu (5:53) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jR2NeK9f9o • Timbuktu UNESCO (2:57): http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/119/video

Why has so little survived from the Mali Empire? A. As in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, works of art were frequently made in perishable materials such as wood and fibers. When these objects deteriorated, artists were commissioned to create new ones. Old and damaged works were abandoned or appropriately discarded, creating a constant need for new works. Objects made of more durable materials, like terracotta or metal, survive. (Source: http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/resources/mali/res.htm)
 * Art possibilities:**

//**Some image ideas:**// http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/resources/mali/works.htm http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mali/hd_mali.htm http://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/work/114/index.html

Zimbabwe/City-states in East Africa/Influence of Ibn Battuta
Textbook pgs. 194-196

• What valuable natural resources were available in East Africa, and with which regions did communities along the coast trade? • How do Ibn Battuta's travels help us to learn more about this region in the Middle Ages? • What are the similarities and differences between Southern African and European feudal societies?
 * Essential questions: **

• http://fc03.deviantart.net/fs71/f/2010/336/e/e/ah_com__mof_27_entry_by_imperatordeelysium-d342ldb.png__ __• http://www.songomnara.rice.edu/images/e_africa_map_large.jpg__ __• http://www.africanworldheritagesites.org/cultural-places/swahili-coast/ruins-of-kilwa.html__ __• http://www.palgrave.com/history/shillington/resources/maps/Map9.3.jpg__ • trade routes - @http://img4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20110421144303/history2701/images/a/ac/IndianOceanMaritimeRoutes.gif
 * Geography links ** :

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/zimb/hd_zimb.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/10chapter1.shtml http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/29/travel/900-year-stone-great-zimbabwe/ http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/364 http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/kingdoms-southern-africa-great-zimbabwe http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/roads/2015/10/great_zimbabwe_exploring_the_ruins_of_a_once_powerful_ancient_kingdom.html
 * Links for reading & research: **
 * Great Zimbabwe**

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/144 http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page76.shtml and http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page77.shtml (please stay focused on Middle Ages; do not need to focus on Portuguese conquest) http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/25/world/africa/ancient-african-coins-history-australia/
 * Kilwa Kisiwani (trading city on coast)**

Travels of Ibn Battuta: http://ibnbattuta.berkeley.edu/4eastafrica.html. Some portions of this article also may be helpful: http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-18-1-c-ibn-battuta-the-greatest-traveler-in-the-middle-ages BBC video (48 min.) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyKrTdv-t4E

http://www.bu.edu/africa/outreach/indian/ (Introduction is helpful) http://www.indianoceanhistory.org/Student-Guide/Indian-Ocean-Overview.aspx http://globalmiddleages.org/project/early-global-connections-east-africa-between-asia-and-mediterranean-europe
 * Trade networks / trade**

**Mongols** Textbook pgs. 349-350

• How did the Mongols build an empire in the Eurasian steppes, and what impact did Mongol conquest have on Mongol society and the societies they conquered? • What was the Silk Road and how did it play a role in trade and exploration? • What are the similarities and differences between Japanese and European feudal societies?
 * Essential questions: **

• http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/97/genghis/khanmap.html • http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140310-genghis-khan-mongols-mongolia-climate-change/
 * Geography links ** :

• http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/history/history.htm (helpful resource - explore links in left sidebar) • http://www.silkroadfoundation.org/newsletter/volumeonenumberone/mongols.html • UNESCO - source of text pages I photocopied: http://en.unesco.org/silkroad/knowledge-bank/silk-route-mongols
 * Links for reading & research: **

**Japan** Textbook pgs. 360-362 (start with Heian)

• What were the roles and responsibilities of members of the Japanese feudal class structure? • What are the cultural and intellectual traditions that emerged during the Japanese feudal period, and in what ways did neighboring cultures influence Japan? • What are the similarities and differences between Japanese and European feudal societies?
 * Essential questions: **

• Brief reading - Japan's geography - link • http://boivieapedia.pbworks.com/f/japantokugawa.bmp • http://p2eastasia.weebly.com/uploads/4/3/6/8/4368586/1046500.gif • http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/77/89877-004-6E37274C.gif
 * Geography links ** :

PBS - Secrets of an Empire and video link for segment The Way of the Samurai (55 min.) Asia for Educators, Columbia University (text) - Overview of Feudal Japan - Tokugawa Japan
 * Links for reading & research: **

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OYvdSvgSQY (2 1/2 minutes)
 * Social Class Structure: **

https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/11/141104-kamikaze-kublai-khan-winds-typhoon-japan-invasion/ https://www.britannica.com/event/kamikaze-of-1274-and-1281
 * Kamikaze**:

• @http://aboutjapan.japansociety.org/content.cfm/japans_medieval_age_the_kamakura__muromachi_periods • [] • [] • [] • https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/asian-art-museum/aam-Japan/v/samurai-architecture (scroll down to Kamakura Economy)
 * Japan feudal economy links: **

Shintoism and Buddhism - http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/shinto/history/history_1.shtml
 * Religion:**

http://japan-magazine.jnto.go.jp/en/1504_riceterrace.html http://www.tokyofoundation.org/en/topics/japanese-traditional-foods/vol.-19-rice-grown-in-rice-terraces http://factsanddetails.com/japan/cat24/sub159/item939.html http://aboutjapan.japansociety.org/japans_medieval_age_the_kamakura__muromachi_periods#sthash.5Q4owckw.KwCeEkxt.dpbs (sroll down to Kamakura Period: Economy)
 * Farming:**

http://rubens.anu.edu.au/raid1/student_projects97/castles/building/page.html https://www.stripes.com/travel/osaka-shogun-s-castle-was-key-to-ancient-japanese-history-1.317332#.WO7Ou1Pysxg http://www.osaka-info.jp/en/facilities/cat11/post_269.html
 * Castle links:**

Sword making (technology): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Twwjiape3A (start at 28:17-31:50) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/samurai/hist-nf.html Similarities/differences - feudalism in Europe and Japan - http://asianhistory.about.com/od/japan/a/Feudalism-In-Japan-And-Europe.htm
 * Samurai links:**

Additional Artifacts
The museum links below may be helpful for you to find additional artifacts related to your civilization. Type in search words to see if the museum collection has any art or artifacts that relate to your culture (ex. search "feudal Japan"). Recommended: keep a folder on your desktop for images AND keep track of their URLs!

Museum of Fine Arts (Boston, MA) Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, NY) Museum for African Art (New York, NY) Peabody Essex Museum (Salem, MA) Harvard Museums (Cambridge, MA) Yale University Art Gallery (New Haven, CT) National Museum for African Art/Smithsonian (Washington, DC) Freer/Sackler Museum for Asian Art/Smithsonian (Washington, DC) Los Angeles County Museum of Art (Los Angeles, CA) Detroit Institute of Arts (Detroit, MI) Field Museum (Chicago, IL) Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago, IL)

China - focus on Tang and Song Dynasties/Influence of Confucius
• Which method of selecting officials led to the best leaders for China? • How did the Chinese improve their economy during the Tang and Song dynasties? • How have medieval Chinese discoveries and inventions influenced the modern world? • What are the similarities and differences between Chinese and European feudal societies? • http://mrgrayhistory.wikispaces.com/file/view/China_-_Sui_Dynasty.jpg/244019695/847x610/China_-_Sui_Dynasty.jpg • (Grand Canal) https://ridgeaphistory.wikispaces.com/file/view/tang-dynasty-map-b.gif/300379428/475x333/tang-dynasty-map-b.gif • PBS Nova (text), China's Age of Invention • Overview of China in the Middle Ages • Asia for Educators, Columbia University (text) - Overview of Feudal China (Song, Mongol, and Ming Dynasties) - Song Dynasty Engagement with the Outside World (Silk Road) • http://msuweb.montclair.edu/~lebelp/ChinaDynasties.jpg
 * Essential questions: **
 * Geography links ** :
 * Links for reading & research: **

**Videos** about Tang and Song Dynasties: • Song - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QO7NHZJ-eE4 • Chinese dynasties (Crash course in world history - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylWORyToTo4) • NOVA - Secrets of Lost Empires - China Bridge (54 min.) - http://watchdocumentary.org/watch/secrets-of-the-lost-empires-china-bridge-video_b7888cb99.html

- http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/chinarts.html - [] - http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/clpg/hd_clpg.htm
 * Art & architecture **